{"id":62094,"date":"2023-07-12T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/?p=62094"},"modified":"2023-08-24T11:42:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T09:42:03","slug":"co-je-to-bushcraft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/co-je-to-bushcraft\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to bushcraft?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bushcraft se v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch rozv\u00edj\u00ed v Severn\u00ed Americe. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f a tv\u016frc\u016f princip\u016f bushcraftu byl Pol\u00e1k Mors Kochanski. Jeho rodina emigrovala do Kanady v roce 1938. Kochanski vyr\u016fstal na farm\u011b ve st\u00e1t\u011b Saskatchewan ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Kanad\u011b. Od ml\u00e1d\u00ed projevoval z\u00e1jem o p\u0159\u00edrodu a v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed studoval um\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy na Saskatchewansk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Zaj\u00edmal se zejm\u00e9na o antropologii, psychologii, geologii a psan\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b rozv\u00edjel sv\u00e9 v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b a dovednosti pro zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s kanadskou divo\u010dinou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech p\u016fsobil Kochanski jako profesor na univerzit\u011b v Albert\u011b a redaktor \u010dasopisu Alberta Wilderness Arts and Recreation<\/em>. V roce 1988 vydal knihu Northern bushcraft<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se v Kanad\u011b stala bestsellerem. D\u00e1le napsal dal\u0161\u00ed knihy Bush Arts<\/em>, Wilderness Skills Series<\/em> and A Plant Walk with Mors Kochanski<\/em>, Basic Safe Travel and Boreal Survival Handbook<\/em>. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 z nich bohu\u017eel nebyla p\u0159elo\u017eena do \u010de\u0161tiny. Kochanski, vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 znalosti, dokonce \u0161kolil kanadsk\u00e9, americk\u00e9, britsk\u00e9 a \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do Evropy se bushcraft dostal v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed d\u00edky s\u00e9rii televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f vys\u00edlan\u00fdch na BBC. Jejich autorem byl Reymond Paul Mears, lesn\u00edk, instruktor, spisovatel a televizn\u00ed moder\u00e1tor. V dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00edlech Mears vysv\u011btloval, co je to to bushcraft, ale tak\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt neboli popul\u00e1rn\u00ed dnes survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"co
Bushcraft je dovednost \u017e\u00edt v divo\u010din\u011b s vyu\u017eit\u00edm jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f (foto: Robens)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Je bushcraft tot\u00e9\u017e, co survival?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku – jak se vlastn\u011b bushcraft od survivalu li\u0161\u00ed? Jedn\u00e1 se o tot\u00e9\u017e? Ne tak docela. A\u010dkoli se ob\u011b aktivity zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na rozvoj dovednost\u00ed pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v divo\u010din\u011b, existuj\u00ed mezi nimi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Za\u010dn\u011bme u n\u00e1zvu. Survival je nekompromisn\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, tedy soubor v\u0161ech dovednost\u00ed, jak p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, obvykle po relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobu, v extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Pojem survival se vztahuje jak na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b (nap\u0159. p\u0159i ztr\u00e1t\u011b v d\u017eungli), tak v modern\u00ed civilizaci (v\u00fdpadky elekt\u0159iny, katastrofy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je to bushcraft?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bushcraft je spojen\u00edm dvou anglick\u00fdch slov: bush <\/em> (bu\u0161, divo\u010dina) a craft <\/em>(\u0159emeslo, schopnost, um\u011bn\u00ed). Vznik\u00e1 tak slovo s v\u00fdznamem “\u0159emeslo divo\u010diny, bu\u0161e”. \u010cesk\u00fd ekvivalent zat\u00edm chyb\u00ed. Bushcraft je tedy znalost a dovednost \u017e\u00edt v divo\u010din\u011b s vyu\u017eit\u00edm jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Je to v jist\u00e9m smyslu um\u011bn\u00ed komunikovat s p\u0159\u00edrodou s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm techniky, v\u00edce ne\u017e schopnost v n\u00ed za ka\u017edou cenu kr\u00e1tce p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Bushcraft neboli \u0159emeslo v divo\u010din\u011b nen\u00ed boj, ale schopnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b – b\u00fdt v souladu s n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hranice mezi survivalem a bushcraftem jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pon\u011bkud pohybliv\u00e9 a mezi nad\u0161enci bushcraftu se setk\u00e1te s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy k tomuto um\u011bn\u00ed. Bushcraft m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tradi\u010dn\u00ed (rekonstruk\u010dn\u00ed)<\/strong> – odr\u016fda, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na znalosti a vybaven\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f bushcraftu a odm\u00edt\u00e1 modern\u00ed n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

praktick\u00fd<\/strong> – podobn\u00fd survivalu, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na dovednosti \u017eivota v lese za pou\u017eit\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli dostupn\u00fdch metod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

filosofick\u00fd<\/strong> – klade d\u016fraz na p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se co nejv\u00edce p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, pouze s nezbytn\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Z\u00e1kladem bushcraftu je \u00facta k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jej\u00ed ochrana. (foto: Ticket to the Moon)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Etika a ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 dovednosti by m\u011bl m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd sebe\u00factyhodn\u00fd buschcraftu? Takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 mu umo\u017en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u011b fungovat v divo\u010din\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na jeho pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b rozd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b, stavba p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161k\u016f, navigace, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pitn\u00e9 vody a potravy (v\u010detn\u011b lovu a rybolovu, pokud j\u00edte maso), konstrukce jednoduch\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak dlouho pl\u00e1nujete b\u00fdt sami s p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je to v\u0161ak schopnost pono\u0159it se do divo\u010diny v\u0161emi smysly. Mors Kochanski byl p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec a milovn\u00edk divok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody. Bushcraft je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o \u00fact\u011b k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jej\u00ed ochran\u011b. Um\u011bn\u00ed divo\u010diny p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u017e\u00edt v souladu s p\u0159\u00edrodou, rozum\u011bt j\u00ed. Je to \u00fanik od ruchu velkom\u011bst k tichu, jednoduchosti a kr\u00e1se, studium ztracen\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edrodou. Je to tak\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed v\u0161eho, co by tomuto kontaktu br\u00e1nilo nebo ho naru\u0161ovalo. Soubor etick\u00fdch z\u00e1sad bushcraftu se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 se z\u00e1sadami hnut\u00ed Leave no Trace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vybaven\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bushcraft je um\u011bn\u00ed existenci\u00e1ln\u00edho minimalismu. \u010c\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b vybaven\u00ed, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe naslouch\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. P\u0159esto je ur\u010dit\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 a pobyt v lese bez n\u011bj m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edka bushcraftu. Co se vyplat\u00ed vz\u00edt si s sebou? Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n