{"id":43229,"date":"2022-05-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/?p=43229"},"modified":"2023-08-29T13:48:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T11:48:22","slug":"jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Orientaci v ter\u00e9nu nyn\u00ed usnad\u0148uj\u00ed aplikace pro chytr\u00e9 telefony, <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/gps-navigace\">GPS<\/a> p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de nebo multifunk\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/turisticke-hodinky\">turistick\u00fdch hodink\u00e1ch<\/a>. Zejm\u00e9na v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch mohou b\u00fdt tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velmi n\u00e1pomocn\u00e1. Maj\u00ed v\u0161ak nev\u00fdhodu: jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na energii, kter\u00e1 n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee chyb\u011bt. Zde p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na pomoc to, co funguje v\u017edy, za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed a bez ohledu na nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budu hovo\u0159it o tom, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ne-kazdy-turista-umi-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\">Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd turista um\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e vedu naviga\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdcvik, udivuje m\u011b, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9ta chod\u00ed po hor\u00e1ch, \u010dasto v\u016fbec netu\u0161\u00ed, jak pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou v\u011bc\u00ed ur\u010dit sever \u2013 a o n\u011bkter\u00fdch slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dinnostech ani nemluv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159itom navigace s pap\u00edrovou mapou je nejen snadn\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rozv\u00edjet smysl pro orientaci v ter\u00e9nu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b mapy a kompasu je nejlep\u0161\u00ed nau\u010dit se t\u0159i nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed aspekty:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kde jsem?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kam jdu?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt kolem sebe?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne.jpg\" alt=\"mapa pro v\u00fdlet do hor\" class=\"wp-image-43233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mapy-turystyczne-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Navigace s mapou? P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b to nezvl\u00e1dne ka\u017ed\u00fd turista. (foto 8academy)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-mapu-na-co-si-dat-pozor\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat mapu? Na co si d\u00e1t pozor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meritko\">\u2013 M\u011b\u0159\u00edtko<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pap\u00edrov\u00e1 mapa je z\u00e1kladem navigace. Jej\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, sd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed proporce, ve kter\u00fdch byl re\u00e1ln\u00fd ter\u00e9n p\u0159enesen na mapu. K vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zlomek, zapsan\u00fd jako 1: XXX, kde XXX je po\u010det, kolikr\u00e1t byl obr\u00e1zek ter\u00e9nu zmen\u0161en p\u0159ed p\u0159enesen\u00edm na pap\u00edr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobr\u00e9 turistick\u00e9 mapy se v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u011blaj\u00ed v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 50 000, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 1 centimetr na map\u011b se rovn\u00e1 50 000 centimetr\u016f, neboli 500 metr\u016f v ter\u00e9nu. M\u011b\u0159\u00edtko 1 : 100 000 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 1 cm na map\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 1 km v ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011b\u0159\u00edtka 1 : 10 000 nebo 1 : 25 000 jsou VELK\u00c1 a podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka, proto\u017ee je zapisujeme ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zlomku. M\u011b\u0159\u00edtko 1 : 1 000 000 je MAL\u00c9 a velmi obecn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, proto\u017ee s jeho pomoc\u00ed prezentujeme cel\u00e9 regiony a zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vrstevnice\">\u2013 Vrstevnice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Na map\u011b jsou tak\u00e9 velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vrstevnice, tedy \u010d\u00e1ry spojuj\u00edc\u00ed body stejn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky. Jejich \u010dten\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edstavit si ter\u00e9n. Velk\u00e1 koncentrace vrstevnic je na strm\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu, zat\u00edmco mal\u00e1 koncentrace zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje m\u00edrn\u00fd ter\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ohyby vrstevnic jsou ekvivalentem \u00fadol\u00ed a h\u0159eben\u016f. Uzav\u0159en\u00e9 vrstevnice zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed horsk\u00e9 vrcholy. Siln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159ezy jsou rokle nebo strm\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny. Pamatujte v\u0161ak, \u017ee hory se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesty a stezky mohou m\u00edt jin\u00fd tvar a sm\u011br. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let se tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed rozsah les\u016f. Sna\u017ete se proto pou\u017e\u00edvat co nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-kompas-na-co-si-dat-pozor\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas? Na co si d\u00e1t pozor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem kompasu je magnetick\u00e1 st\u0159elka, kter\u00e1 sleduje \u010d\u00e1ry magnetick\u00e9ho pole Zem\u011b. Jej\u00ed konec, obvykle ozna\u010den\u00fd \u010derven\u011b, ukazuje na sever. A zde jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka: kompas neukazuje geografick\u00fd p\u00f3l, ale ten magnetick\u00fd. Tyto dva p\u00f3ly se navz\u00e1jem neshoduj\u00ed, i kdy\u017e v polsk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch to nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch je na to v\u0161ak t\u0159eba pamatovat a tento rozd\u00edl zkorigovat (tzv. magnetick\u00e1 deklinace).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro pr\u00e1ci s mapou pot\u0159ebuje <a href=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/kompasy\">kompas<\/a> prav\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed jeho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e9l severoji\u017en\u00ed linie. U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e9 linky na spodn\u00ed stran\u011b oto\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edseln\u00edku. Uv\u011bdomte si, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ru\u0161en kovov\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty a jin\u00fdmi kompasy. Z\u00e1kladem navigace je\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zorientovani-mapy\">Zorientov\u00e1n\u00ed mapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina map je nakreslena se severem v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i v\u00fdjimky (i kdy\u017e vz\u00e1cn\u00e9), proto v\u017edy v\u011bnujte pozornost sm\u011brov\u00fdm tabul\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chcete-li nastavit sever na map\u011b se severem na zemi, mus\u00edte v\u017edy prov\u00e9st man\u00e9vr ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako Zorientov\u00e1n\u00ed mapy. Lze jej prov\u00e9st n\u011bjak takhle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-polozte-kompas-na-mapu\">1. Polo\u017ete kompas na mapu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu.jpg\" alt=\"mapa v hor\u00e1ch\" class=\"wp-image-43240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-przy-pomocy-kompasu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Za\u010dn\u011bte polo\u017een\u00edm naviga\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-otocte-ciselnikem-kompasu-tak-aby-jeho-okraj-a-smerove-cary-nakreslene-pod-ciselnikem-byly-vzajemne-rovnobezne-a-rovnobezne-s-okrajem-mapy\">2. Oto\u010dte \u010d\u00edseln\u00edkem kompasu tak, aby jeho okraj a sm\u011brov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry nakreslen\u00e9 pod \u010d\u00edseln\u00edkem byly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 s okrajem mapy.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem.jpg\" alt=\"jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu\" class=\"wp-image-43243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/nawigacja-z-mapa-i-kompasem-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Druh\u00fd bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u201eslad\u011bn\u00ed\u201c obou prvk\u016f. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-otacejte-mapu-spolu-s-kompasem-dokud-magneticka-strelka-neukazuje-na-znacku-severu-n-na-ciselniku\">3. Ot\u00e1\u010dejte mapu spolu s kompasem, dokud magnetick\u00e1 st\u0159elka neukazuje na zna\u010dku severu \u201eN\u201c na \u010d\u00edseln\u00edku.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu.jpg\" alt=\"jak nastavit kompas\" class=\"wp-image-43246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ustawianie-kompasu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Nakonec zb\u00fdv\u00e1 po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dat mapu. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Jakmile se V\u00e1m to poda\u0159\u00ed, Va\u0161e mapa bude odpov\u00eddat ter\u00e9nu. M\u016f\u017eete tak za\u010d\u00edt rozezn\u00e1vat p\u0159edm\u011bty kolem sebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu-urceni-smeru-chuze\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Ur\u010den\u00ed sm\u011bru ch\u016fze.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u00edte, kde jste, a pl\u00e1nujete se dostat do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho bodu, mus\u00edte si nastavit sm\u011br ch\u016fze. D\u00edky tomu se budete moci vydat spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, i kdy\u017e V\u00e1m zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd bod (vrchol, p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ek nebo m\u011bsto) zmiz\u00ed z dohledu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ur\u010dit trasu sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k objektu? Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed cesta je p\u0159es azimut, co\u017e je \u00fahel mezi severem a sm\u011brem vedouc\u00edm k Va\u0161emu m\u00edstu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Azimut se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 ve stupn\u00edch ve sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1ra pochodu sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed striktn\u011b na sever m\u00e1 azimut nula (0\u00b0). Na jih &#8211; 180 \u00b0. Na z\u00e1pad &#8211; 270 \u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu-jak-jit-k-azimutu\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Jak j\u00edt k azimutu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-najdete-svou-vlastni-polohu-na-mape\">1. Najd\u011bte svou vlastn\u00ed polohu na map\u011b.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu.jpg\" alt=\"jak ur\u010dit azimut\" class=\"wp-image-43252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wyznaczanie-azymutu-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak ur\u010dit azimut? Nejprve mus\u00edte definovat svou vlastn\u00ed pozici. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-umistete-kompas-na-mapu-tak-aby-byl-stred-s-magnetickou-strelkou-tam-kde-jste-vy-a-smerove-cary-pod-ciselnikem-a-deskou-kompasu-oznacovaly-sever\">2. Um\u00edst\u011bte kompas na mapu tak, aby byl st\u0159ed s magnetickou st\u0159elkou tam, kde jste Vy, a sm\u011brov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry pod \u010d\u00edseln\u00edkem a deskou kompasu ozna\u010dovaly sever.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu\" class=\"wp-image-43254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wedrowanie-na-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak naj\u00edt azimut? Druh\u00e1 v\u011bc, o kterou se mus\u00edte postarat, je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed kompasu. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-definujte-kterym-smerem-byste-meli-dosahnout-zvoleneho-bodu-a-odectete-jeho-hodnotu-na-ciselniku-kompasu-toto-cislo-je-vas-azimut\">3. Definujte, kter\u00fdm sm\u011brem byste m\u011bli dos\u00e1hnout zvolen\u00e9ho bodu, a ode\u010dt\u011bte jeho hodnotu na \u010d\u00edseln\u00edku kompasu. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je V\u00e1s azimut.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"jak\u00fd azimut zvolit\" class=\"wp-image-43257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/co-to-jest-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Te\u010f u\u017e jen sta\u010d\u00ed ur\u010dit azimut. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle m\u016f\u017eete j\u00edt podle azimutu a hl\u00eddat si sv\u016fj sm\u011br. Je t\u0159eba ot\u00e1\u010det \u010d\u00edseln\u00edkem kompasu p\u0159esn\u011b o hodnotu azimutu, dokud magnetick\u00e1 st\u0159elka neukazuje na zna\u010dku &#8220;N&#8221; na \u010d\u00edseln\u00edku a pokra\u010dujte v ch\u016fzi t\u00edmto sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut.jpg\" alt=\"k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed azimut\" class=\"wp-image-43258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/jak-chodzic-na-azymut-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Znalost azimutu usnad\u0148uje cestu do c\u00edle. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pokud je na Va\u0161\u00ed cest\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka, m\u016f\u017eete nakreslit l\u00e1manou \u010d\u00e1ru sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze segment\u016f a nastavit pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich samostatn\u00fd azimut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-se-lokalizovat-na-mape\">Jak se lokalizovat na map\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud um\u00edte pojmenovat alespo\u0148 dva body kolem sebe \u2013 vrcholy, horsk\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky, sto\u017e\u00e1ry, m\u00edsta \u2013 najd\u011bte je na map\u011b. Kdy\u017e se to poda\u0159\u00ed, mus\u00edte definovat azimut na prvn\u00ed z nich a ozna\u010dit jej na map\u011b jako \u010d\u00e1ru, kter\u00e1 jde odtud sm\u011brem k V\u00e1m. Pot\u00e9 definujte azimut pro druh\u00fd bod a podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jej ozna\u010dte na map\u011b a prodlu\u017ete \u010d\u00e1ru sm\u011brem k V\u00e1m. Pokud cel\u00fd postup provedete spr\u00e1vn\u011b, \u010d\u00e1ry by se m\u011bly k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit tam, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00edte. Pokud pou\u017eijete t\u0159i body, dos\u00e1hnete je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/8a.pl\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie.jpg\" alt=\"jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu?\" class=\"wp-image-43261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie.jpg 600w, https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/lokalizacja-w-terenie-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu, kdy\u017e chcete naj\u00edt svou vlastn\u00ed polohu? V takov\u00e9 situaci je nutn\u00e9 identifikovat alespo\u0148 dva charakteristick\u00e9 body. (foto z archivu autora)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu-orientace-v-terenu\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Orientace v ter\u00e9nu.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud zn\u00e1te svou polohu a m\u00e1te kompas, m\u016f\u017eete snadno odpov\u011bd\u011bt na posledn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou naviga\u010dn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: co je kolem V\u00e1s? P\u0159i pr\u016fvodcovsk\u00e9m kurzu popisov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech pojmenovan\u00fdch objekt\u016f kolem, je toto ur\u010dit\u00fdm druhem sout\u011b\u017ee. Tato aktivita vy\u017eaduje zn\u00e1t svou aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed polohu a zorientovat mapu tak, aby byla zarovnan\u00e1 se sv\u011btov\u00fdmi stranami. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy\u017e nastav\u00edte sm\u011br na viditeln\u00e9 vrcholky nebo pr\u016fsmyky, m\u016f\u017eete je jednodu\u0161e pojmenovat. Vy\u017eaduje to pozornost a ur\u010ditou praxi: je docela snadn\u00e9 pojmenovat body v pop\u0159ed\u00ed, ale ty vzd\u00e1len\u00e9, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ve vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch h\u0159ebenech a n\u011bkdy i v horsk\u00fdch p\u00e1smech, lze rozeznat jen d\u00edky znalosti t\u011bch bli\u017e\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je tedy pojmenovat vrcholy, kter\u00e9 jsou V\u00e1m bl\u00ed\u017ee, a dal\u0161\u00ed rozpoznat porovn\u00e1n\u00edm jejich polohy s&nbsp;t\u011bmi bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi. Trik, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i lokalizaci dal\u0161\u00edch hor a \u00fadol\u00ed, je pod\u00edvat se jejich sm\u011brem a p\u0159et\u00e1hnout tenk\u00fd prov\u00e1zek po povrchu mapy, na kter\u00e9m by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159ipevn\u011bn kompas. Takov\u00fd ukazatel, veden\u00fd \u201eod pohledu k&nbsp;objektu\u201c protne c\u00edlovou oblast, aby ji pomohl identifikovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu-zaverecne-komentare\">Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti jsou z\u00e1kladem pro pr\u00e1ci s mapou a kompasem. Jejich zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed V\u00e1m ale, v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, umo\u017en\u00ed naj\u00edt to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto a ur\u010dit sm\u011br. Stoj\u00ed za to si je procvi\u010dovat na zn\u00e1m\u00fdch a snadn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, aby se V\u00e1m dostaly \u201epod k\u016f\u017ei\u201c a pomohly V\u00e1m v budoucnu, na obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech. M\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee V\u00e1m tyto znalosti pomohou dostat se ven z&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9 opravdu krizov\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde jsou elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na vrcholu, n\u011bkdy zapom\u00edn\u00e1me na tradi\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je t\u0159eba klasick\u00fd kompas. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak situace, kdy V\u00e1s schopnost pou\u017e\u00edvat takov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed velk\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":43232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26079],"tags":[26090,26088,730],"class_list":["post-43229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turistika-treking","tag-celorocni","tag-poradna","tag-treking"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.7 (Yoast SEO v25.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu? 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Nau\u010dte se pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/korzystanie-z-mapy.jpg","width":1100,"height":715,"caption":"mapa z kompasem"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/jak-pouzivat-kompas-a-mapu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat kompas a mapu?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/","name":"8academy.cz - horsk\u00fd a horolezeck\u00fd port\u00e1l pro aktivn\u00ed lidi","description":"8academy je horsk\u00fd port\u00e1l o horolezectv\u00ed, trekkingu a ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch t\u00far\u00e1ch. Zde najdete tipy, testy vybaven\u00ed a popisy nejlep\u0161\u00edch region\u016f. Inspirujeme v\u00edt\u011bze!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/#\/schema\/person\/eaf166d69373907c8e46461771300229","name":"\u0141ukasz Supergan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Lukasz-Supergan-avatar-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Lukasz-Supergan-avatar-150x150.jpg","caption":"\u0141ukasz Supergan"},"description":"K hor\u00e1m jsem se dostal p\u0159ed 30 lety a od t\u00e9 doby se tato l\u00e1ska rozv\u00edjela r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sm\u011bry. Mou specializac\u00ed jsou d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 expedice - horsk\u00e9 i jin\u00e9. V roce 2004 jsem absolvoval v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed s\u00f3lov\u00fd p\u0159echod Karpat (zopakoval jsem ho po 9 letech). M\u00e1m za sebou 2300 km dlouh\u00fd p\u0159echod \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho poho\u0159\u00ed Zagros, zimn\u00ed a letn\u00ed traverz Islandu, h\u0159ebenov\u00fd p\u0159echod Pyrenej\u00ed, izraelskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed stezku, traverz cel\u00fdch Alp, zimn\u00ed p\u0159echod slovensk\u00fdch Karpat, zimn\u00ed p\u0159echod 1100 km v polsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. V Asii a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b jsem str\u00e1vil celkem t\u0159i roky. Mou druhou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed jsou vysok\u00e9 hory - v\u00edce ne\u017e 25kr\u00e1t jsem vylezl na \u010dty\u0159 a p\u011btitis\u00edcovky v Alp\u00e1ch, na Kavkaze a na Tien-\u0160anu, a v roce 2021 - tak\u00e9 na vrchol Leninova \u0161t\u00edtu (7134 m). P\u00ed\u0161u knihy a \u010dl\u00e1nky, fotografuji, vedu skupiny a organizuji horsk\u00e9 v\u00fdcviky, sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti sd\u00edl\u00edm tak\u00e9 na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch www.lukaszsupergan.com a 8academy.cz.","sameAs":["https:\/\/lukaszsupergan.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/author\/lukasz-supergan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43229"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62458,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43229\/revisions\/62458"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/8a.cz\/8academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}